This week, Transparency International released its 2009 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a "composite index … based on 13 different expert and business surveys" that measures not corruption itself, "but the perceived level of public-sector corruption."
Burma (Myanmar), a perennial bottom-feeder since it was added to the CPI in 2003, this year came in 178th of 180 countries, besting only Afghanistan and Somalia, and scored a mere 1.4 out of 10 possible points.
Nigeria, site of the tragic events behind the Wiwa v Shell case, which ended this year in a historic settlement, slipped from 121st to 130th after several years of improvement, but avoided reuniting with Burma at the bottom, where it spent the first half of the decade. However, Nigeria scored only 2.5 points of a possible 10, so its recent climb is hardly cause for celebration.
While the CPI does not disclose the precise numbers leading to each country's score, Transparency International's Huguette Labelle has counted the lack of "transparency in public budgets, revenue and aid flows" among the many factors contributing to corruption across the globe. Promotion of transparency is a common theme in many of EarthRights International's campaigns as well.
In our September 2009 report "Total Impact: The Human Rights, Environmental, and Financial Impacts of Total and Chevron’s Yadana Gas Project in Military-Ruled Burma (Myanmar)," ERI revealed how the Yadana gas pipeline has generated over US$7 billion, with a majority of these billions going to the Burmese military regime. We also reported that a significant portion of these revenues never make it back into Burma, but instead can be found squired away in non-government bank accounts in Singapore.